| ◆ 主語 had hardly p.p. when ・・・・・. |
訳
★「主語がp.p.するとすぐに・・・・・した」
★「主語がp.p.するかしないかのうちに・・・・・した」 |
例文
★ We had hardly started when it began to rain.
私たちが出発するとすぐに雨が降り出した。
私たちが出発するかしないかのうちに雨が降りだした。 |
● 「hardly」（ほとんど〜ない）は「not」と同様に否定語なので、「hardly」と「not」の位置は同じになります。過去完了の否定が「had
not p.p.」であることに着目すれば、「had hardly p.p.」となることが容易に理解できることでしょう。
● 強調するために、「hardly」を文頭にだして表現することがあります。ただし、英語では否定語を文頭に出すと倒置が起こり、後ろが疑問文と同じ順番になってしまいます。
例） We had hardly started when it began to rain.
＝Hardly had we started when it began to rain.
● 「when」を「before」にしても意味は変わりません。
例） We had hardly started when it began to rain.
＝Hardly had we started when it began to rain.
＝We had hardly started before it began to rain.
＝Hardly had we started before it began to rain.
● 「hardly」を「scarcely」にしても意味は変わりません。
例） We had hardly started when it began to rain.
＝Hardly had we started when it began to rain.
＝We had hardly started before it began to rain.
＝Hardly had we started before it began to rain.
＝We had scarcely started when it began to rain.
＝Scarcely had we started when it began to rain.
＝We had scarcely started before it began to rain.
＝Scarcely had we started before it began to rain.
＝As soon as we started, it began to rain.
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